8 HVAC Questions to Ask During the House-Buying Process

When you're buying a new house, it's exciting to focus on the beautiful granite countertops and spacious bathrooms, but it's also important to learn about the mechanicals. An HVAC system that's in poor condition could cost you significantly in repairs or replacement costs. Create a list of HVAC questions to ask before you make an offer.

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What Are Some HVAC-Related Questions to Ask Before Buying a Home?

Knowing the details of a home's HVAC system prepares you for potential repairs and maintenance you may need to do. It also gives you an idea of when you might need to replace the equipment. The following HVAC questions are helpful when you're buying a house.

1. How Old Is the HVAC System?

HVAC systems typically last between 10 and 25 years, depending on the type of equipment and the amount of maintenance performed over the years. Asking about the age of the system gives you an idea of how much life is left in it. If it's only 5 years old, you should have several years before you need to replace it. If it's already at the 10- to 15-year mark, plan to replace it sooner rather than later.

2. What Type of System Is It?

There are several different types of heating and cooling systems available. Examples include:

• Furnace

• Central air conditioning

• Heat pump

• Ductless mini-split

• Boiler

Find out the type of system so you have a better understanding of how it operates. Many HVAC systems use ductwork to disperse air throughout the home, so you'll need to check on the condition of the ducts as well.

3. What Type of Power Source Does the System Have?

Determine if the heating and cooling system uses gas or electricity as its main power source. Gas furnaces usually cost less than electric systems to operate, but the power costs vary by area. Gas units also tend to last longer than electric. However, gas HVAC systems are more expensive to install, which could be a factor if you'll need to replace an older unit soon. Repairs can be more expensive for gas furnaces as well, and gas power introduces the potential for high carbon monoxide levels in the home.

4. What Are the Average Utility Bills?

Regardless of the power source, it's helpful to know the average utility bills for the home. Power bills include other appliances in the home, but the heating and cooling costs typically account for 43% of a home's energy use. You can get a general idea of how much the HVAC system costs to run to help you anticipate how much you'll pay.

5. Do You Have a Record of Past Repairs and Maintenance?

Well-maintained heating and cooling systems often last longer than expected. Seeing a record of tune-ups and repairs that have been performed on the unit gives you an idea of how well the owners took care of it. You can also check for major repairs that have been done.

If there isn't written documentation on previous HVAC work, ask about their maintenance habits, including how often they got professional tune-ups and how frequently they changed the air filters. There's no guarantee you'll get extra life out of the system either way, but it can give you peace of mind knowing the equipment has been maintained.

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6. Have There Been Any Major Issues With the System?

Another question to ask if there isn't a record of previous repairs is whether there have been major issues. Frequent repairs may continue after you take ownership, which could cost you a significant amount of money. You might also ask how well the system heats and cools the home.

7. Is There Still Warranty Coverage, and Will It Transfer to the New Owner?

Warranties on heating and cooling systems vary in length, often ranging from 5 to 10 years. Some specific components may have different warranty lengths. The other issue is whether any remaining warranty time transfers to the new owner. Some warranties end as soon as the home sells, while others continue regardless of ownership changes. Since the terms of HVAC warranties vary, ask to see a copy of the warranty paperwork if it will transfer to you so you understand what's covered.

8. How Good Is the Home's Insulation?

Insulation might not seem like it belongs on a list of HVAC questions, but how well insulated the home is impacts the effectiveness of the heating and cooling system. A well-insulated home stays comfortable without forcing the HVAC system to work as hard. This not only reduces overall energy use but also cuts down on wear and tear.